Who regulates it
Child care is provincial, so the Canada Labor Code reaches only the rare federally regulated center. In each province a labor ministry enforces employment standards and workplace safety, a workers' compensation board handles injury claims, and a separate licensing regulator sets staff-to-child ratios and educator qualifications - in Ontario the Ministry of Education under the Child Care and Early Years Act.
Your obligations
Provincially licensed centers - almost all of them - must meet their province's employment standards on rest and breaks (Ontario: 11 hours off daily, 8 hours between shifts, 24 hours free each week, a 30-minute eating period after five hours), keep a written health and safety policy where six or more workers are regularly employed, register with the workers' compensation board, and accommodate a disclosed sleep disorder to undue hardship. Licensing law separately fixes staff-to-child ratios and how many educators must be qualified; those are license conditions enforced by the licensing branch, not the safety regulator.
Consequences
Two enforcement tracks run in parallel and one understaffed shift can trigger both. On the safety side the provincial labor ministry can issue compliance and stop-work orders and prosecute: in Ontario a corporation faces up to $2,000,000 per offence and a director or officer up to $1,500,000, with imprisonment available for individuals. On the licensing side, breaching ratio or qualified-staff requirements can bring compliance orders, license conditions, suspension or revocation, and in Ontario a prosecution under the Child Care and Early Years Act carrying up to $250,000 and a year's imprisonment. Failing to accommodate a diagnosed sleep disorder exposes you to tribunal orders for damages and lost wages.
Penalties
Ontario's safety maximums in 2026 are $2,000,000 per offence for a corporation, $1,500,000 for a director or officer and $500,000 for any other individual, with a $500,000 minimum for a corporate repeat offence causing death or serious injury within two years. Ontario's Child Care and Early Years Act carries a separate maximum of $250,000 and up to one year's imprisonment. A federally regulated center faces up to $1,000,000 under the Canada Labor Code.
On the record
No Canadian court, coroner, investigator or regulator has published a finding linking fatigue to an incident in childcare. The duty to manage fatigue still sits within the general duty in federal and provincial occupational health and safety law.
Sources: Canada Labour Code; CCOHS Fatigue OSH Answers; Ontario Occupational Health and Safety Act & Employment Standards Act, 2000; Canadian Human Rights Act; Workplace Safety and Insurance Act, 1997; Ontario CCEYA & BC Child Care Licensing Regulation; Quebec Educational Childcare Regulation (2024).