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Defence & Military · Australia
Readiness in defence is built on sleep.
Personnel face high operational tempo, short and broken sleep and long deployments; defence civilians work shifts too. Fatigue degrades vigilance and decisions where errors can be fatal.
Who this page covers
- Armed forces
- Defence civilians
Reg Watch
What’s changed, and what’s coming
Regulatory change that affects how you manage fatigue in defence & military: what has changed in the last 12 months, and what is on the way.
Regulatory changes checked as at 1 October 2026.
Regulation
Who regulates it, and what they expect
The Commonwealth work health and safety law applies to Defence and to ADF members - a member is a worker and is at work while lawfully performing the functions of a member. Comcare enforces it, and in December 2025 Defence became the first Commonwealth employer convicted of failing to manage psychosocial risks. The Chief of the Defence Force can switch specified provisions off for specified activities or classes of members; the 2012 declaration that removed consultation and cease-unsafe-work rights from ADF members ceased on 31 March 2023. The only binding fatigue rule sits in aviation.
Comcare
Logos identify the regulator and don’t imply endorsement.
Who regulates it
Comcare (the Commonwealth's workplace safety regulator), the Department of Defence's own work health and safety and aviation safety authorities, and Safe Work Australia's national fatigue and psychosocial-hazard standards.
Your obligations
Defence carries the primary duty: identify fatigue as a hazard and control it so far as is reasonably practicable, for members and public servants alike. There is no legislated hours limit. In aviation the Defence Aviation Safety Regulation binds - AVFM.20 requires the accountable manager to use defined management controls that eliminate or minimise aviation fatigue risk, and AVFM.30 requires that manager to define normal and extended duty time limitations. The regulation sets no numbers; the organisation does. It reaches approved aviation organisations, aircrew and air traffic control only.
Consequences
Comcare prosecutes Defence directly and can issue improvement and prohibition notices without going to court at all. In December 2025 the NSW Local Court convicted Defence of a Category 3 offence over its handling of a RAAF technician's psychological health, imposing a $188,000 fine and an adverse publicity order - the first such conviction of a Commonwealth employer. In June 2025 Defence was convicted and fined for failing to notify Comcare of a notifiable incident. Inside the aviation system, breaching your own defined duty limits triggers a safety investigation with certification consequences.
Penalties
Commonwealth maximums at levels effective 1 July 2026: Category 1 $17,728,000 body corporate and $3,546,000 for an individual PCBU or officer; industrial manslaughter $18,000,000 for a corporation and up to 25 years' imprisonment. The December 2025 psychosocial conviction drew a $188,000 fine and an adverse publicity order.
Sources: Work Health and Safety Act 2011 (Cth), including section 12D; Comcare enforcement releases and fatigue guidance; Defence Flight Safety Bureau Aviation Fatigue Management Guidebook v2.0 (August 2024); Safe Work Australia psychosocial hazards code of practice and fatigue guide.
Fatigue-critical roles
Where fatigue matters most in defence & military
The roles where a fatigued worker is most likely to cause serious harm, the tasks that carry the risk, and why fatigue builds up in them.
| Role | Risk | High-risk tasks | Why fatigue builds |
|---|---|---|---|
ADF aircrew (RAAF, Army Aviation, Fleet Air Arm)Rules
| Critical risk | Night and NVG flying; long-range and air-to-air refuelling sorties; low-level flying; operations across time zones after short rest | Early and night sorties, surge flying in exercises and operations, deployments across time zones, standby |
RAN officer of the watch / bridge watchkeeperRules
| Critical risk | Bridge and operations-room watchkeeping on 1-in-2 or 1-in-3 rotations; restricted-water navigation; replenishment at sea; combat system operation | Watch rotations fragmenting sleep, long periods at sea, drills during rest |
Driver (RACT; heavy and protected mobility vehicles)Rules
| Critical risk | Driving heavy and armoured vehicles in convoy at night and under NVG; road moves after exercise night shifts; ammunition and fuel transport | Exercises and deployments with sleep restriction, 24 h operations, long road moves |
Aircraft technician (RAAF)Rules
| Critical risk | Night-shift maintenance and arming of aircraft; flight-control and weapons-loading tasks; surge maintenance during exercises | Shift work with surges, flight-line night shifts, deployed 12 h shifts |
Sentry / guard (incl. Air Force Security)Rules
| High risk | Night sentry and gate duty with live weapons; armed guard of munitions and aircraft; vigilance patrols | Night guard rotations (e.g. 2-on/4-off) on top of the normal working day, monotony |
Ammunition technician / EOD technician (RAAOC, RAAF EOD)Rules
| High risk | Render-safe procedures on explosive ordnance; ammunition inspection and repair; night call-outs to IED and EOD tasks | On-call duty with night call-outs, deployments, long tasks in heat and protective equipment |
Stories
When fatigue made the record
Published findings and prosecutions from regulators, courts and investigators in Australia.
July 2023 · Queensland, Australia
Military helicopter crash: regulator formed the view that known fatigue risks were not controlled
- Safety
- Legal
A military helicopter crashed off the Queensland coast, killing four defence force members. Comcare, the Commonwealth work health and safety regulator, formed the view that there were known risks to workers from fatigue and from the helmet display system, and that the defence force failed to implement available controls so far as reasonably practicable. It referred two briefs of evidence, including one on fatigue management, to the Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions, which declined to prosecute.
Case AU-defence-01Report an issue
How the suite fits
How each product connects to your obligations
Grades describe how strongly a product connects to an obligation. None discharges an obligation, and none carries a compliance warranty.
Sleepfit
Supports your general duty of careNo Defence rule names a sleep screen. For Defence as a Commonwealth employer, approved code F2024L01380 names fatigue as a psychosocial hazard; contractors sit under state WHS law. Sleepfit supports both. It screens; diagnosis stays with your clinicians.
About SleepfitFatiguefit4Duty
Supports your general duty of careNo Australian rule requires a fitness check across defence; Defence aviation rules (DASR) address duty limits and fatigue hazard identification. Fatiguefit4Duty supports them. A fitness-for-duty check, not a fitness-for-duty decision - the duty call stays with you.
About Fatiguefit4DutyAwareness eLearning
Supports your general duty of careNo binding rule names fatigue training across defence; the Defence aviation fatigue guidebook expects it, as guidance. Awareness eLearning supplies fatigue and sleep content with a completion record; your training programme stays yours.
About Awareness eLearningWas It Fatigue?
Supports your general duty of careNo defence rule names fatigue as a required element of a mishap or incident investigation. Was It Fatigue? supports your investigation board with a structured account of sleep and duty. A structured judgement aid, not a determination of cause.
About Was It Fatigue?SleepWellBaby
No obligation is engaged here. Sleep support for staff with infants is a voluntary wellbeing measure, addressing sleep obtained rather than any duty-time limit Defence has set for itself.
About SleepWellBabyRecommended bundle
Where we’d start in defence & military
Every bundle is priced on prevalence: your whole cohort gets access, and you pay for the share predicted to need each product. How pricing works.
Prevention Bundle
Proactive fatigue risk: assess, manage and train, with sleep screening underneath.
Fatigue Lifecycle Bundle
Assess, manage, investigate: from the Census to the point of duty to the post-incident review.
Why this pairing in Australia
No defence rule names a fatigue tool. For Defence itself, Commonwealth code F2024L01380 names fatigue as a psychosocial hazard; contractors sit under state WHS law. Sleepfit screens, Awareness eLearning trains with a record, Fatiguefit4Duty supports a pre-task check. Fatigue Lifecycle adds review.
See what sleep and fatigue mean for your defence & military workforce.
Tell us roughly how many people you employ. Your snapshot models how many are likely sleeping poorly and what it costs, from published research for defence & military. Then choose who you’d cover, and we’ll take you to the right next step.
